This article is scope to undertake a study of the Brazilian constitutional treatment given to environmental liability institute. This institute enters the constitutional law of special and unique way in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil in 1988, stamped on Article 225, third paragraph. The Federal Constitution gives broad protection to the environment and inserts it into the list of social rights and assigns it still status of fundamental right. With regard to environmental liability, the Constitution welcomes the normative content of Article 14, first paragraph, of the Act establishing the National Environmental Policy, Law 6.938 / 81, and includes the environmental objective accountability. The study called State Environmental Law is the new and necessary law paradigm that conjunctiva presents proposal of economic, social, cultural and environmental rights and advocates the idea of a broad existential minimum, not merely physical or biological. Finally, the liability was highlighted in its objective application in their individual and collective achievements. The literature review was the methodology used, whose deductive method to corroborate the findings made by this study. It is concluded that environmental liability is an institute that is associated with the consolidation of a Social and Environmental rule of law and that this is a challenge that everyone, without distinction, is presented.
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